Why the U.S. Leads the World in Police Use of Deadly Force

In recent years, the U.S. has faced numerous incidents of deadly force used by police, with significant consequences for victims and their communities. Unlike most other wealthy democracies, America experiences higher instances of police-related fatalities. This trend raises important questions about law enforcement practices, policies, and the systemic issues contributing to such outcomes. Experts argue that addressing these issues can help the U.S. foster a fairer, more equitable policing system.
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The structure and approach of American law enforcement agencies differ from those of other countries. With around 17,000 agencies and over 600,000 officers, the U.S. lacks a standardized federal framework for policing. This decentralized system means that each agency often sets its own policies on use of force. The U.S. Supreme Court’s 1989 decision in Graham v. Connor further influences these policies, as it allows force to be applied based on “objective reasonableness.” Critics say this standard can justify actions without clearly guiding officers on using restraint, especially in tense situations.
Moreover, after the September 11 attacks, U.S. policing became increasingly militarized. Officers are often equipped with military-grade gear, which has shifted the culture of policing from that of community guardians to an “occupying force.” This mentality, combined with the wide availability of firearms in the U.S., can result in police perceiving heightened threats and responding aggressively.

The Role of Police Unions and Political Endorsements
Some experts argue that law enforcement unions also play a significant role in shaping the culture and policies within police departments. These unions, which often endorse political candidates, can be powerful lobbyists and resist reforms that could limit the use of force. The authors of this opinion suggest that police unions should stay out of politics and focus on supporting their members without influencing public policy decisions that can delay essential reforms.

Steps Toward a More Just Policing System
Reforming U.S. policing will require comprehensive changes to recruitment, training, and standards. Here are seven key recommendations from former police leaders David Couper and Noble Wray:
1. Educational Standards: Hiring four-year college graduates with emotional intelligence and a commitment to public service.
2. Respectful Interactions: Training all officers to act respectfully and focus on de-escalation.
3. Accountability: Encouraging officers to intervene if they see a colleague making a mistake.
4. Representation: Hiring a diverse force that reflects the communities it serves.
5. Thorough Training: Extending recruit training and supervised probation periods.
6. Revised Use of Force Policy: Implementing a standard of “absolute necessity” for deadly force.
7. Innovation and Legislation: Developing non-lethal methods for subduing suspects and supporting sensible gun laws.
Ultimately, these changes aim to shift the mindset of police officers to that of protectors within their communities. Law enforcement should be a calling that emphasizes service, integrity, and accountability, reflecting democratic values in every action. By fostering these principles, America can work toward a less violent, more equitable system of policing that better serves all citizens.